{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# SGLang Frontend Language"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "SGLang frontend language can be used to define simple and easy prompts in a convenient, structured way."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Launch A Server\n",
    "\n",
    "Launch the server in your terminal and wait for it to initialize."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from sglang import assistant_begin, assistant_end\n",
    "from sglang import assistant, function, gen, system, user\n",
    "from sglang import image\n",
    "from sglang import RuntimeEndpoint\n",
    "from sglang.lang.api import set_default_backend\n",
    "from sglang.srt.utils import load_image\n",
    "from sglang.test.doc_patch import launch_server_cmd\n",
    "from sglang.utils import print_highlight, terminate_process, wait_for_server\n",
    "\n",
    "server_process, port = launch_server_cmd(\n",
    "    \"python -m sglang.launch_server --model-path Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct --host 0.0.0.0 --log-level warning\"\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "wait_for_server(f\"http://localhost:{port}\")\n",
    "print(f\"Server started on http://localhost:{port}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Set the default backend. Note: Besides the local server, you may use also `OpenAI` or other API endpoints."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "set_default_backend(RuntimeEndpoint(f\"http://localhost:{port}\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Basic Usage\n",
    "\n",
    "The most simple way of using SGLang frontend language is a simple question answer dialog between a user and an assistant."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@function\n",
    "def basic_qa(s, question):\n",
    "    s += system(f\"You are a helpful assistant than can answer questions.\")\n",
    "    s += user(question)\n",
    "    s += assistant(gen(\"answer\", max_tokens=512))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "state = basic_qa(\"List 3 countries and their capitals.\")\n",
    "print_highlight(state[\"answer\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Multi-turn Dialog\n",
    "\n",
    "SGLang frontend language can also be used to define multi-turn dialogs."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@function\n",
    "def multi_turn_qa(s):\n",
    "    s += system(f\"You are a helpful assistant than can answer questions.\")\n",
    "    s += user(\"Please give me a list of 3 countries and their capitals.\")\n",
    "    s += assistant(gen(\"first_answer\", max_tokens=512))\n",
    "    s += user(\"Please give me another list of 3 countries and their capitals.\")\n",
    "    s += assistant(gen(\"second_answer\", max_tokens=512))\n",
    "    return s\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "state = multi_turn_qa()\n",
    "print_highlight(state[\"first_answer\"])\n",
    "print_highlight(state[\"second_answer\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Control flow\n",
    "\n",
    "You may use any Python code within the function to define more complex control flows."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@function\n",
    "def tool_use(s, question):\n",
    "    s += assistant(\n",
    "        \"To answer this question: \"\n",
    "        + question\n",
    "        + \". I need to use a \"\n",
    "        + gen(\"tool\", choices=[\"calculator\", \"search engine\"])\n",
    "        + \". \"\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    if s[\"tool\"] == \"calculator\":\n",
    "        s += assistant(\"The math expression is: \" + gen(\"expression\"))\n",
    "    elif s[\"tool\"] == \"search engine\":\n",
    "        s += assistant(\"The key word to search is: \" + gen(\"word\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "state = tool_use(\"What is 2 * 2?\")\n",
    "print_highlight(state[\"tool\"])\n",
    "print_highlight(state[\"expression\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Parallelism\n",
    "\n",
    "Use `fork` to launch parallel prompts. Because `sgl.gen` is non-blocking, the for loop below issues two generation calls in parallel."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@function\n",
    "def tip_suggestion(s):\n",
    "    s += assistant(\n",
    "        \"Here are two tips for staying healthy: \"\n",
    "        \"1. Balanced Diet. 2. Regular Exercise.\\n\\n\"\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "    forks = s.fork(2)\n",
    "    for i, f in enumerate(forks):\n",
    "        f += assistant(\n",
    "            f\"Now, expand tip {i+1} into a paragraph:\\n\"\n",
    "            + gen(\"detailed_tip\", max_tokens=256, stop=\"\\n\\n\")\n",
    "        )\n",
    "\n",
    "    s += assistant(\"Tip 1:\" + forks[0][\"detailed_tip\"] + \"\\n\")\n",
    "    s += assistant(\"Tip 2:\" + forks[1][\"detailed_tip\"] + \"\\n\")\n",
    "    s += assistant(\n",
    "        \"To summarize the above two tips, I can say:\\n\" + gen(\"summary\", max_tokens=512)\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "state = tip_suggestion()\n",
    "print_highlight(state[\"summary\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Constrained Decoding\n",
    "\n",
    "Use `regex` to specify a regular expression as a decoding constraint. This is only supported for local models."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@function\n",
    "def regular_expression_gen(s):\n",
    "    s += user(\"What is the IP address of the Google DNS servers?\")\n",
    "    s += assistant(\n",
    "        gen(\n",
    "            \"answer\",\n",
    "            temperature=0,\n",
    "            regex=r\"((25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|[01]?\\d\\d?).){3}(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|[01]?\\d\\d?)\",\n",
    "        )\n",
    "    )\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "state = regular_expression_gen()\n",
    "print_highlight(state[\"answer\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Use `regex` to define a `JSON` decoding schema."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "character_regex = (\n",
    "    r\"\"\"\\{\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"    \"name\": \"[\\w\\d\\s]{1,16}\",\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"    \"house\": \"(Gryffindor|Slytherin|Ravenclaw|Hufflepuff)\",\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"    \"blood status\": \"(Pure-blood|Half-blood|Muggle-born)\",\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"    \"occupation\": \"(student|teacher|auror|ministry of magic|death eater|order of the phoenix)\",\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"    \"wand\": \\{\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"        \"wood\": \"[\\w\\d\\s]{1,16}\",\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"        \"core\": \"[\\w\\d\\s]{1,16}\",\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"        \"length\": [0-9]{1,2}\\.[0-9]{0,2}\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"    \\},\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"    \"alive\": \"(Alive|Deceased)\",\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"    \"patronus\": \"[\\w\\d\\s]{1,16}\",\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"    \"bogart\": \"[\\w\\d\\s]{1,16}\"\\n\"\"\"\n",
    "    + r\"\"\"\\}\"\"\"\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "@function\n",
    "def character_gen(s, name):\n",
    "    s += user(\n",
    "        f\"{name} is a character in Harry Potter. Please fill in the following information about this character.\"\n",
    "    )\n",
    "    s += assistant(gen(\"json_output\", max_tokens=256, regex=character_regex))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "state = character_gen(\"Harry Potter\")\n",
    "print_highlight(state[\"json_output\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Batching \n",
    "\n",
    "Use `run_batch` to run a batch of prompts."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@function\n",
    "def text_qa(s, question):\n",
    "    s += user(question)\n",
    "    s += assistant(gen(\"answer\", stop=\"\\n\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "states = text_qa.run_batch(\n",
    "    [\n",
    "        {\"question\": \"What is the capital of the United Kingdom?\"},\n",
    "        {\"question\": \"What is the capital of France?\"},\n",
    "        {\"question\": \"What is the capital of Japan?\"},\n",
    "    ],\n",
    "    progress_bar=True,\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "for i, state in enumerate(states):\n",
    "    print_highlight(f\"Answer {i+1}: {states[i]['answer']}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Streaming \n",
    "\n",
    "Use `stream` to stream the output to the user."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@function\n",
    "def text_qa(s, question):\n",
    "    s += user(question)\n",
    "    s += assistant(gen(\"answer\", stop=\"\\n\"))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "state = text_qa.run(\n",
    "    question=\"What is the capital of France?\", temperature=0.1, stream=True\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "for out in state.text_iter():\n",
    "    print(out, end=\"\", flush=True)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Complex Prompts\n",
    "\n",
    "You may use `{system|user|assistant}_{begin|end}` to define complex prompts."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@function\n",
    "def chat_example(s):\n",
    "    s += system(\"You are a helpful assistant.\")\n",
    "    # Same as: s += s.system(\"You are a helpful assistant.\")\n",
    "\n",
    "    with s.user():\n",
    "        s += \"Question: What is the capital of France?\"\n",
    "\n",
    "    s += assistant_begin()\n",
    "    s += \"Answer: \" + gen(\"answer\", max_tokens=100, stop=\"\\n\")\n",
    "    s += assistant_end()\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "state = chat_example()\n",
    "print_highlight(state[\"answer\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "terminate_process(server_process)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Multi-modal Generation\n",
    "\n",
    "You may use SGLang frontend language to define multi-modal prompts.\n",
    "See [here](https://docs.sglang.ai/supported_models/generative_models.html) for supported models."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "server_process, port = launch_server_cmd(\n",
    "    \"python -m sglang.launch_server --model-path Qwen/Qwen2.5-VL-7B-Instruct --host 0.0.0.0 --log-level warning\"\n",
    ")\n",
    "\n",
    "wait_for_server(f\"http://localhost:{port}\")\n",
    "print(f\"Server started on http://localhost:{port}\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "set_default_backend(RuntimeEndpoint(f\"http://localhost:{port}\"))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Ask a question about an image."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "@function\n",
    "def image_qa(s, image_file, question):\n",
    "    s += user(image(image_file) + question)\n",
    "    s += assistant(gen(\"answer\", max_tokens=256))\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "image_url = \"https://github.com/sgl-project/sglang/blob/main/examples/assets/example_image.png?raw=true\"\n",
    "image_bytes, _ = load_image(image_url)\n",
    "state = image_qa(image_bytes, \"What is in the image?\")\n",
    "print_highlight(state[\"answer\"])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "terminate_process(server_process)"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "language_info": {
   "name": "python"
  }
 },
 "nbformat": 4,
 "nbformat_minor": 2
}
